INDIA AFTER INDEPENDENCE
1. Who achiveded the merging of princely state with Indian union?
Sardar Vallabai Patel. He is called the “Iron Man of India”
2. Which was the princely state which did not agree to join the Indian union?
1. Junagad
2. Jammu and Kashmir
3. Hyderabad
3. Who signed the “Tashkent agreement”? Why?
· By the Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastry and Pakistan President Ayub Khan
· To settle Kashmir Issue in 1966
4. Who were Razakaras? Why did they recruit?
· It was a Para military force recruited by Razak of Hyderabad.
· To attack on nationalist organizations who were for the merger of the state.
5. When and how did Hyderabad merge to the India union?
* On 17th September 1948 through “Police Action”.
6. Which commission agreed for the creation of linguistic state? Who were their members?
* “Fazal Ali Commission” Members - * Fazal Ali * K.M. Panikhar * H.N. Kunzru
7. Which are three new states that have been created as new states in 2000?
1. Chattisgarh. 2. Uttarachall 3. Jharkhand.
8. Who has been termed as the Father of the Goan Liberation movement? Why?
“T.B.Cunha” He founded Goa Congress Committee in 1928 and started and agitation to against Portuguese
administration.
9. When was Goa merged with Indian union? And how?
1961. When Portuguese took repressive measures on freedom fighters Govt of India started police action and
annexed.
10. Where did the Government of India provide shelter to the refugees from Pakistan?
* In Orissa under Dandakaranya project.
Punjab, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
11. Who were the tribal people migrated from Bangladesh? Where did they take shelter?
* Chakmas Tribal “Tripura state” in India.
12. Where were the Tamil Speaking people from Srilanka settled in India?
* In Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka.
13. Where were the Tibetion refugees settled?
* The Tibetian refugees settled in The Mundgod taluk of Uttar Kannada and Bailkuppa of Mysore district in
Karnataka.
CIVICS 1. Challenges facing India.
Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each:-[ 2 marks]
1. Mention the challenges faced India when it got Independence?
1. Illiteracy. 2. Communalism. 3. Regionalism. 4. Inequality between caste & sex. 5. Exploitation of children.
6. Corruption. 7. Block marketing. 8. Smuggling. 9. Profiteering. 10. Dowry 11. Poverty. 12. Population explosion.
2. What is communalism? What were its effects?
* Intolerance towards other religions is known as communalism.
It causes hastate, tension, enmity and divides the people on communal lines. Finally it checks the social and
economic development of our nations.
3. What measures has been taken by the Government to curb communalism?
1. Our constitution declared India is a sovereign, democratic, socialist, republic.
2. Article 14 of our constitution provides equality before law.
3. Article 15 prohibits the discrimination on the basis of race, religion, caste, sex or places of birth.
4. Article 16 provides equal opportunity for all in Government jobs.
4. What were the features of tribes of India?
*Mostly they live in remote places .They are extremely poor and mostly illiterates.
*They depend on agriculture or other allied occupation.
5. What is smuggling? Which act has been passed to check smuggling?
* Importing goods from foreign countries without paying taxes or getting permission from the government is called smuggling. COFEPOSA act is passed to check smuggling.
6. What is dowry? When was dowry prohibition act passed?
* Presenting cash, Ornaments or other property to the grooms by the bride’s party is called dowry.
The dowry prohibition act was passed in 1961 and amended in 1986.
7. What is COFEPOSA? What is its importance?
* COFEPOSA is a conservation of foreign exchange and prevention of smuggling act.
This act has been passed by the government to check smuggling and to preserve foreign exchange.
8. What is corruption? Which action has been taken by the government to check corruption?
* Accepting money or presents to undertake any work by the officials is known as corruption. The government
constituted Lokayukta and check corruption.
9. When was adult education Programme started? Why?
* In 1978 to provide education to adults.
Answer in ten lines: - (3 marks and 4 marks)
1. What is illiteracy? What measures has been taken by the government to remove illiteracy?
* Illiteracy is a state of a person who does not know reading and writing.
The measures are:-
· Directive principles of state policy of our constitution stressed the government to provide free & compulsory
education for the stressed the promotion of educational interests of SC, ST & other weaker section of the
society.
· 93rd amendment of our constitution made education a fundamental right.
· 42nd amendment of our constitution transferred education into concurrent list.
· All the state governments in India have made primary education free.
· Incentive Programme are undertaken to attract children to primary schools.
· The government of India announced the national policy on education in may 1986.
· In 1986 government introduced new education policy and operation Black board scheme.
· Introduced Sarvasiksha Abhiyan.
2. What measures has been taken by the government to achieve universalisation of primary education?
· To improve primary education in rural areas go government is providing infrastructure such as building
water facilities.
· Strict measures are taken to see the children between 6 to 14 years are in the schools.
· To attract the children into the schools numbers of programmers are introduced such as text books
uniforms, mid-day meals etc to avoid dropouts.
· Importance is given to pre-primary education by providing facilities.
· Importance is given to girl’s education.
· Improved and attractive method of teaching has been introduced to attract the students in learning and
research is encouraging in teaching learning.
· Alternative system of education is introduced to the children who are not in a position to attend regular
school.
· Educational programmes like ‘kelikal’ and Shikshara samvada broadcasting and telecasting.
3) What is regionalism? What measures has been taken by the government to check regionalism?
Intolerance towards other region or state and exclusive attachment and loyalty to their own state or
region is called regionalism.
The measures are:-
· Our constitution provides autonomy to states to fulfill the needs and aspirations of the people.
· The Central Government co-ordinates the activities of the states to achieve unity.
· A commission was constituted to regulate the relation between state and center.
· Special committees or boards are constituted to achieve balanced growth of all regions. Ex.:-
Nanjundappa Commission, Bayaludeme Development Board
4) What measures has been taken by the government to uplift the conditions of SC and ST?
a) To safeguard the interest of SC and ST government made number of provisions.
b) Some seats are reserved for SC and ST in Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and Local Self governments.
c) Special mobile courts are opened to safeguard the rights of SC and ST and for quick disposal of cases
of untouchability.
d) Some seats are reserved for SC and STs in government jobs and in higher education.
e) In 1978, a commission was appointed to supervise the matters relating to the child rights of SC and
ST.
f) Free legal aids are provided.
g) In the fields of education: - Free Scholarships, special scholarships, hostel facilities, free stationeries
are provided.
h) Special employment exchanges are opened for disable SC and STs.
i) Minister for Human Resource Development providing educational training programmes.
j) Co-operating marketing development federation of India helping in marketing of Tribal produce.
5) What measures has been taken by the government to improve the conditions of women?
Child marriage is prohibited by law.
Polygamy is prohibited by law.
Widow remarriage is encouraged.
Sati system is abolished by law.
Equal share is provided or women in their ancestors property.
A commission is constituted for the welfare of women and children.
Dowry prohibition act is passed and enforced.
Training and employment plans are adopted to strengthen women.
Certain percentage seats are reserved for women in local self government and government jobs.
Social welfare department introduced. Two years basic educational facilities for women.
Some special projects such as Balika Sammuddhi yojanna, Rastriya Mahila Vimochana Schemes,
Bhaghyalakshmi schemes are undertaken.
Year 2001 was declared as the year of women empowerment.
Self help institutions such as Stree Shakthi, Swayam Siddha are opened.
6) What were the obstacles to achieve welfare of children? What measures has been taken to achieve
child welfare?
The obstacles to achieve welfare of children are: 1. Poverty. 2. Malnutrition 3. Illiteracy.
4. Ill-treatment 5. Over population. 6. Mortality state of children is higher in olden days due to lack of
nutritious food and medical facilities.
The measures taken to achieve child welfare are:-
· In 1989 UNO general assembly adopted certain rights as child rights.
· 35 projects are undertaken for the welfare of children to provide nutrious food, inoculation, health
checkup, pre-school education etc.
· Various agencies and government started Balawadi, anganavadi, balakikasa, Kendra etc.
· In 1955 national children board is opened for the welfare of children.
· November 14th, the birthday of Nehru is observed as Children’s day.
· Child labour prohibition act is enforced.
· Free and compulsory primary education is providing to the age 6 to 14.
7) What is profiteering? What illegal methods are following to get more profit? What measures has
been taken by the government to check profiteering?
‘Profiteering’ is an illegal method to earn more profit.
Adulteration, abnormal rates, false weight and measurement, creating artificial scarcity are the illegal methods
following to get more profit.
To check profiteering following measures are undertaken by the government.
a) Public distribution system has been introduced to supply essential commodities in fair prices.
b) Essential commodities act has been passed to check profiteering.
c) ‘ISI’ mark for industrial goods, ‘AGMARK” for agricultural products has been introduced to ensure the quality.
d) A law is passed to print the quality, quantity, date of manufacture and expiry date on every industrial goods.
e) Co-operative societies, Janatha Bazaars, Super Bazaars and APMCs are opened to supply essential
commodities in fair price.
f) Consumer Protection Act has been passed to protect the interest of consumers in 1986.
g) Informal rationing system also started.
h) Creating awareness through mass Medias.
8) What is smuggling? What measures has been taken by the government to check smuggling?
Importing or exporting goods from foreign countries without paying taxes or getting permission from the
government is called smuggling.
Measures taken to check smuggling:-
Custom officers are appointed at airport to check smuggling.
Coastal guards are appointed along the coast to check smuggling.
COFEPOSA) Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act) has been passed its
check smuggling.
9) What is poverty? What measures have been taken by the governments to achieve economic equality?
Poverty is a state of a person who is not in economic conditions to fulfill basic needs such as food, clothing
and shelter to his family.
The measures taken to check poverty are:-
· Government introduced employment guarantee schemes to provide employment opportunities.
· Land reforms act is introduced to make the tiller the owner of the land.
· In order to avoid regional imbalance government is encouraging to open industries in different parts of the
country by providing subsidies and privileges.
· Small scale and Cottage industries are encouraged to provide employment opportunities.
· Minimum wages are fixed to check the expositions of the workers and passed many other laws to protect the interest of the labours.
· Encouraging self-employment by providing training and other facilities.
· NREP, Jawahar Rojakar Yojana, Grammeena Sadak Yojana etc are started to provide employment.
· Loans are providing to small farmers.
· Rural women and children welfare Programme is in operation.
10) What measures has been taken by governments for the development of education under 9th five year
plan?
· Various community programmes are undertaken to create awareness among the communities and parents
about adult education.
· Under the provisions of 73rd and 74th amendments of our constitutions public communities are involved in
providing education.
· Monetary incentives and improved basic facilities are providing.
· DPEP (District Primary Education Programmes) and operation black board programmes are undertaken.
1. Who achiveded the merging of princely state with Indian union?
Sardar Vallabai Patel. He is called the “Iron Man of India”
2. Which was the princely state which did not agree to join the Indian union?
1. Junagad
2. Jammu and Kashmir
3. Hyderabad
3. Who signed the “Tashkent agreement”? Why?
· By the Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastry and Pakistan President Ayub Khan
· To settle Kashmir Issue in 1966
4. Who were Razakaras? Why did they recruit?
· It was a Para military force recruited by Razak of Hyderabad.
· To attack on nationalist organizations who were for the merger of the state.
5. When and how did Hyderabad merge to the India union?
* On 17th September 1948 through “Police Action”.
6. Which commission agreed for the creation of linguistic state? Who were their members?
* “Fazal Ali Commission” Members - * Fazal Ali * K.M. Panikhar * H.N. Kunzru
7. Which are three new states that have been created as new states in 2000?
1. Chattisgarh. 2. Uttarachall 3. Jharkhand.
8. Who has been termed as the Father of the Goan Liberation movement? Why?
“T.B.Cunha” He founded Goa Congress Committee in 1928 and started and agitation to against Portuguese
administration.
9. When was Goa merged with Indian union? And how?
1961. When Portuguese took repressive measures on freedom fighters Govt of India started police action and
annexed.
10. Where did the Government of India provide shelter to the refugees from Pakistan?
* In Orissa under Dandakaranya project.
Punjab, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
11. Who were the tribal people migrated from Bangladesh? Where did they take shelter?
* Chakmas Tribal “Tripura state” in India.
12. Where were the Tamil Speaking people from Srilanka settled in India?
* In Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka.
13. Where were the Tibetion refugees settled?
* The Tibetian refugees settled in The Mundgod taluk of Uttar Kannada and Bailkuppa of Mysore district in
Karnataka.
CIVICS 1. Challenges facing India.
Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each:-[ 2 marks]
1. Mention the challenges faced India when it got Independence?
1. Illiteracy. 2. Communalism. 3. Regionalism. 4. Inequality between caste & sex. 5. Exploitation of children.
6. Corruption. 7. Block marketing. 8. Smuggling. 9. Profiteering. 10. Dowry 11. Poverty. 12. Population explosion.
2. What is communalism? What were its effects?
* Intolerance towards other religions is known as communalism.
It causes hastate, tension, enmity and divides the people on communal lines. Finally it checks the social and
economic development of our nations.
3. What measures has been taken by the Government to curb communalism?
1. Our constitution declared India is a sovereign, democratic, socialist, republic.
2. Article 14 of our constitution provides equality before law.
3. Article 15 prohibits the discrimination on the basis of race, religion, caste, sex or places of birth.
4. Article 16 provides equal opportunity for all in Government jobs.
4. What were the features of tribes of India?
*Mostly they live in remote places .They are extremely poor and mostly illiterates.
*They depend on agriculture or other allied occupation.
5. What is smuggling? Which act has been passed to check smuggling?
* Importing goods from foreign countries without paying taxes or getting permission from the government is called smuggling. COFEPOSA act is passed to check smuggling.
6. What is dowry? When was dowry prohibition act passed?
* Presenting cash, Ornaments or other property to the grooms by the bride’s party is called dowry.
The dowry prohibition act was passed in 1961 and amended in 1986.
7. What is COFEPOSA? What is its importance?
* COFEPOSA is a conservation of foreign exchange and prevention of smuggling act.
This act has been passed by the government to check smuggling and to preserve foreign exchange.
8. What is corruption? Which action has been taken by the government to check corruption?
* Accepting money or presents to undertake any work by the officials is known as corruption. The government
constituted Lokayukta and check corruption.
9. When was adult education Programme started? Why?
* In 1978 to provide education to adults.
Answer in ten lines: - (3 marks and 4 marks)
1. What is illiteracy? What measures has been taken by the government to remove illiteracy?
* Illiteracy is a state of a person who does not know reading and writing.
The measures are:-
· Directive principles of state policy of our constitution stressed the government to provide free & compulsory
education for the stressed the promotion of educational interests of SC, ST & other weaker section of the
society.
· 93rd amendment of our constitution made education a fundamental right.
· 42nd amendment of our constitution transferred education into concurrent list.
· All the state governments in India have made primary education free.
· Incentive Programme are undertaken to attract children to primary schools.
· The government of India announced the national policy on education in may 1986.
· In 1986 government introduced new education policy and operation Black board scheme.
· Introduced Sarvasiksha Abhiyan.
2. What measures has been taken by the government to achieve universalisation of primary education?
· To improve primary education in rural areas go government is providing infrastructure such as building
water facilities.
· Strict measures are taken to see the children between 6 to 14 years are in the schools.
· To attract the children into the schools numbers of programmers are introduced such as text books
uniforms, mid-day meals etc to avoid dropouts.
· Importance is given to pre-primary education by providing facilities.
· Importance is given to girl’s education.
· Improved and attractive method of teaching has been introduced to attract the students in learning and
research is encouraging in teaching learning.
· Alternative system of education is introduced to the children who are not in a position to attend regular
school.
· Educational programmes like ‘kelikal’ and Shikshara samvada broadcasting and telecasting.
3) What is regionalism? What measures has been taken by the government to check regionalism?
Intolerance towards other region or state and exclusive attachment and loyalty to their own state or
region is called regionalism.
The measures are:-
· Our constitution provides autonomy to states to fulfill the needs and aspirations of the people.
· The Central Government co-ordinates the activities of the states to achieve unity.
· A commission was constituted to regulate the relation between state and center.
· Special committees or boards are constituted to achieve balanced growth of all regions. Ex.:-
Nanjundappa Commission, Bayaludeme Development Board
4) What measures has been taken by the government to uplift the conditions of SC and ST?
a) To safeguard the interest of SC and ST government made number of provisions.
b) Some seats are reserved for SC and ST in Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and Local Self governments.
c) Special mobile courts are opened to safeguard the rights of SC and ST and for quick disposal of cases
of untouchability.
d) Some seats are reserved for SC and STs in government jobs and in higher education.
e) In 1978, a commission was appointed to supervise the matters relating to the child rights of SC and
ST.
f) Free legal aids are provided.
g) In the fields of education: - Free Scholarships, special scholarships, hostel facilities, free stationeries
are provided.
h) Special employment exchanges are opened for disable SC and STs.
i) Minister for Human Resource Development providing educational training programmes.
j) Co-operating marketing development federation of India helping in marketing of Tribal produce.
5) What measures has been taken by the government to improve the conditions of women?
Child marriage is prohibited by law.
Polygamy is prohibited by law.
Widow remarriage is encouraged.
Sati system is abolished by law.
Equal share is provided or women in their ancestors property.
A commission is constituted for the welfare of women and children.
Dowry prohibition act is passed and enforced.
Training and employment plans are adopted to strengthen women.
Certain percentage seats are reserved for women in local self government and government jobs.
Social welfare department introduced. Two years basic educational facilities for women.
Some special projects such as Balika Sammuddhi yojanna, Rastriya Mahila Vimochana Schemes,
Bhaghyalakshmi schemes are undertaken.
Year 2001 was declared as the year of women empowerment.
Self help institutions such as Stree Shakthi, Swayam Siddha are opened.
6) What were the obstacles to achieve welfare of children? What measures has been taken to achieve
child welfare?
The obstacles to achieve welfare of children are: 1. Poverty. 2. Malnutrition 3. Illiteracy.
4. Ill-treatment 5. Over population. 6. Mortality state of children is higher in olden days due to lack of
nutritious food and medical facilities.
The measures taken to achieve child welfare are:-
· In 1989 UNO general assembly adopted certain rights as child rights.
· 35 projects are undertaken for the welfare of children to provide nutrious food, inoculation, health
checkup, pre-school education etc.
· Various agencies and government started Balawadi, anganavadi, balakikasa, Kendra etc.
· In 1955 national children board is opened for the welfare of children.
· November 14th, the birthday of Nehru is observed as Children’s day.
· Child labour prohibition act is enforced.
· Free and compulsory primary education is providing to the age 6 to 14.
7) What is profiteering? What illegal methods are following to get more profit? What measures has
been taken by the government to check profiteering?
‘Profiteering’ is an illegal method to earn more profit.
Adulteration, abnormal rates, false weight and measurement, creating artificial scarcity are the illegal methods
following to get more profit.
To check profiteering following measures are undertaken by the government.
a) Public distribution system has been introduced to supply essential commodities in fair prices.
b) Essential commodities act has been passed to check profiteering.
c) ‘ISI’ mark for industrial goods, ‘AGMARK” for agricultural products has been introduced to ensure the quality.
d) A law is passed to print the quality, quantity, date of manufacture and expiry date on every industrial goods.
e) Co-operative societies, Janatha Bazaars, Super Bazaars and APMCs are opened to supply essential
commodities in fair price.
f) Consumer Protection Act has been passed to protect the interest of consumers in 1986.
g) Informal rationing system also started.
h) Creating awareness through mass Medias.
8) What is smuggling? What measures has been taken by the government to check smuggling?
Importing or exporting goods from foreign countries without paying taxes or getting permission from the
government is called smuggling.
Measures taken to check smuggling:-
Custom officers are appointed at airport to check smuggling.
Coastal guards are appointed along the coast to check smuggling.
COFEPOSA) Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act) has been passed its
check smuggling.
9) What is poverty? What measures have been taken by the governments to achieve economic equality?
Poverty is a state of a person who is not in economic conditions to fulfill basic needs such as food, clothing
and shelter to his family.
The measures taken to check poverty are:-
· Government introduced employment guarantee schemes to provide employment opportunities.
· Land reforms act is introduced to make the tiller the owner of the land.
· In order to avoid regional imbalance government is encouraging to open industries in different parts of the
country by providing subsidies and privileges.
· Small scale and Cottage industries are encouraged to provide employment opportunities.
· Minimum wages are fixed to check the expositions of the workers and passed many other laws to protect the interest of the labours.
· Encouraging self-employment by providing training and other facilities.
· NREP, Jawahar Rojakar Yojana, Grammeena Sadak Yojana etc are started to provide employment.
· Loans are providing to small farmers.
· Rural women and children welfare Programme is in operation.
10) What measures has been taken by governments for the development of education under 9th five year
plan?
· Various community programmes are undertaken to create awareness among the communities and parents
about adult education.
· Under the provisions of 73rd and 74th amendments of our constitutions public communities are involved in
providing education.
· Monetary incentives and improved basic facilities are providing.
· DPEP (District Primary Education Programmes) and operation black board programmes are undertaken.
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